在很長，很長一段時間裡 For a long，long time,
我凝視著海洋卻未能參透它 l contemplated the ocean without understanding it.
我能感受到海水巨大的能量 l could feel the immense energy of its waters.
我為它的深邃幽藍驚嘆不已 l was astonished by the depths of its blues.
我呼吸著遼闊海域的空氣 l breathed the air of the wide open seas.
但事實上， 我什麼也沒看到 But in reality，l saw nothing.
在這裡澳大利亞的鯊魚灣中 Here at Shark Bay in Australia,
懸崖低聲訴說著地球的歷史 the cliffs whisper to me the history of the Earth.
它們誕生於海洋的生命中 They are born from the life of the ocean,
這是一個巨大的墓地 a vast graveyard created by billions of skeletons of marine animals
由數十億具海洋動物的骨骼堆積在海底 accumulated at the bottom of the seas
當時地球本身完全是海洋 when the Earth itself was entirely ocean.
這些有機體創造出了我呼吸的空氣 These organisms created the air that l breathe
以及保護我們的大氣層 and the atmosphere which protects me.
我看到了洶湧的潮水在沙子上刻出了溝紋 l see powerful tides carving furrows in the sand.
我卻不知這就是生命的源頭 l don't see that this movement is the source of all life.
我看到風兒堆砌出沙丘 l see the winds shaping the dunes.
我看不到地球和海洋之間的深厚關係 l don't see the deep relationship between the earth and the sea.
我看到鹽水漂白了乾旱的土地 l see the salt bleaching the arid earth.
我卻不知海洋如何孕育了陸地 l don't see what the ocean brings to life on the continents.
我看到了遼闊的草原開拓了我從未見過的陸地深處 l see immense prairies colonise the depths that l have never seen on land.
但在鯊魚灣，還有更多的東西 But at Shark Bay，there is more than that.
這是我們故事的起源 Here are the origins of our story,
我們，人類 us，mankind.
它從這裡開始，從一群活的化石開始 lt begins here，with a colony of living fossils,
生活在海洋表面的細菌，稱為疊層石 bacteria who live at the surface of the ocean，called stromatolites.
我就是這種生命形式的後代 l am a descendant of this form of life,
地球上已知的最古老的生物，形成於40億年前 the most ancient known on Earth，which came into being four billion years ago.
我生於此，我生於海洋 l come from here，l come from the ocean.
而現在 And now,
面對海洋，我所能看到的就是我們人類 facing the ocean，all l can see is us，mankind.
我們是70億人口 We are seven billion human beings.
比自人類誕生以來生活在地球上的 More than the total number of people who have lived on Earth
總人數還要多 since the beginnings of humanity.
我們按照自己的形象塑造了世界 We have shaped the world in our image.
在海洋的岸邊 On the shores of the ocean,
我們建造了巨大的城市，我們在那裡生活著數百萬人 we have built vast cities where we live in our millions.
我們挖出了港口，夷為平地的島嶼來建造我們的工廠 We have dug out ports，flattened islands to construct our factories.
海洋給我們帶來了世界上所有的礦產資源 The ocean has brought us all the mineral riches of the world.
我們加工材料、焊接鋼材、切割和切片 We work materials，meld steel，cut and slice.
我們的十艘船在海洋中縱橫交錯 One hundred thousand of our ships crisscross the seas.
所有的生命，地球上生長的一切，總有一天會通過我們的鐵腕 All that lives，all that grows on the Earth will one day pass through our iron grasp.
我們甚至運輸森林 We even transport the forests.
我們不斷地鑽研海洋來滋養我們自己 We delve unceasingly into the ocean to nourish ourselves.
我們已經成為超級掠奪者 We have become super predators.
我們封裝了整個世界 We have canned the entire world,
6億集裝箱因海洋我們得以運輸 600 million containers that we can transport，thanks to the ocean.
海洋為我們提供了全球化的可能性 The ocean that offered us the possibility of globalisation.
這個星球是我們的 The planet is ours.
但現在，我們要去哪裡？ But now，where are we going?
我開始意識到我為所欲為的後果 l am becoming aware of the consequences of my power.
過度捕撈，全球變暖 Overfishing，global warming,
能源枯竭、環境污染 depletion of resources，pollution,
這些都是我們咎由自取 my drive has taken me a long way.
我知道這一點 l know this
因為我能夠理解發生在我身上的事情 because l am capable of understanding what happens to me.
我再也看不到身邊的事物了 How have l gotten to this point
我是怎麼到了這般地步? where l no longer see what is around me?
要理解這一點，我們要追溯至太古時代 To understand that，we have to return to the very beginning.
行星海洋
太古時期，地球耗盡了自己 ln the beginning，the Earth consumed itself,
被劇烈的痙攣所動搖 shaken by violent convulsions.
熔化物受到 The fusing matter was subjected to violent bombardments of meteors
來自太陽系流星的猛烈撞擊 coming from the solar system.
這個撞擊產生了一個大氣 This battlefield gave rise to an atmosphere,
大氣翻騰，因含有氮碳氫而顯得通紅 stormy，red with nitrogen，carbon and hydrogen.
還有來自外星系的水蒸氣 And water vapour，which came from the galaxy.
地球表面就像一個巨大的氣泡 The surface of the Earth was like an enormous bubble
在壓力下加熱到超過700攝氏度 heated under pressure to over 700 degrees Celsius.
接著煉獄般的地球冷卻水汽凝結 Then the inferno cooled off and the vapours condensed,
引發了最嚴重的洪水 producing the greatest of the terrestrial floods that occurred.
這發生在40億年前 That was four billion years ago.
洪水幾乎覆蓋了整個地殼 The flood covered almost all of the Earth's crust.
洪水沖刷腐蝕著原始岩石 The water washed the primordial rock,
把它侵蝕掉並且變得充滿鹽分 eroding it away and becoming laden with salts.
地球成了被鹽水覆蓋的世界 The Earth became a world of salty water.
我們稱這鹽水為海洋 This water was called the ocean.
一個海洋星球誕生了 An ocean planet was born.
在7億年前的 ln the lce Age,
冰河時期，温度下降了 700 million years ago，the temperature fell.
地球被冰覆蓋了兩千萬年 The planet remained white for 20 million years,
然後由於火山的碳產生了 then melted because of a powerful greenhouse effect
強大的溫室效應而融化 created by the carbon of the volcanoes.
其他冰川運動緊隨其後，與氣候變暖交替發生 Other glaciations followed，alternating with warming.
從這一時期開始 From this period
地球的北極和南極仍然存在著巨大的冰區 there remain vast icy regions at the north and south poles of the globe.
這些地區在一個巨大的氣候系統中起到了涼爽的作用 These regions work as coolers in an immense climate system.
在赤道附近 Close to the Equator,
太陽炙烤著海洋使其接近沸騰 the sun heats the ocean，which seems to boil.
極地與赤道這種巨大的溫差 This contrast between the hot regions and the cold regions
產生了強大的空氣對流 generates powerful air currents.
這些都是風，對這個故事至關重要 These are the winds，essential to this story.
風降下來了，從極地吹來的風，又冷又大 The winds descend，cold and heavy，from the polar regions
與赤道又熱，又輕的空氣相碰撞 and collide with the hot，light air of the Equator.
這些因地球自轉而彎曲的風 These winds，curved by the rotation of the Earth,
形成了巨大的漩渦 form gigantic whiflpools.
當與海洋接觸時，這些風推動海水 On contact with the ocean，these winds push the water.
它們產生巨大的洋流 They generate powerful marine currents
能夠將數百萬立方米的水運過海洋 capable of moving millions of cubic metres of water across the ocean.
無論在哪裡，大海都被漩渦弄得凹凸不平 Everywhere，the ocean is furrowed by whiflpools,
有的能持續好幾年 some of which spin for years.
這種運動將熱量從這顆藍色星球的表面傳播出去 This movement spreads heat from the surface of the blue planet.
熱帶的熱水湧向兩極 The hot water of the tropics rises up towards the poles.
然後這些水冷卻，變得更稠密，充滿了鹽 Then this water cools，becomes more dense，laden with salt,
而且沉入了海洋深淵 and falls down into the depths.
深海的水在自身重量的推動下 The water of the depths travels further down towards the bottom of the ocean,
進一步向海底流動 pushed by its own weight.
它伴隨著極地的寒氣 lt carries with it the polar cold.
最終，冷水撞擊海底 Finally，it collides against the bottom
再回程到海面重新升温 and returns towards the waters of the surface，where it reheats.
完成這樣一次洋流循環需要1000年 lt takes 1,000 years for a drop of water to complete this ocean cycle.
這些洋流在地球上創造了溫和的氣候 These currents have created a temperate climate on Earth.
正是因為洋流我們才創造了一個有生命的星球 lt is to them we owe the creation of a living planet.
當陽光強烈且洋流上升至海面時 When the sun is strong and the currents mount to the surface,
一個驚人的現象發生了 an astonishing phenomenon occurs,
它是如此巨大以至於從太空中也能看到 so gigantic that it is visible from space,
那是生命的綻放，生命的爆發 a blooming，an explosion of life.
這種出現的生命叫做浮游生物 This life which appears is called plankton,
"漂浮的生命" "floating life",
因為它們只能隨水流飄蕩而無法自己遊動 because it cannot move itself and drifts in the water.
這些生物從太陽獲取能量 This blooming gets its energy from the sun.
它們生活在海面以下100米深度之內 lt occurs between the surface and the first 100 metres depth,
光線穿透海洋的地方 where the rays penetrate the ocean.
首先，有微小的藻類 Firstly，there are tiny algae
它們像一個巨大的漂浮草原一樣散佈在兩片水域之間 which spread like an immense floating prairie between two expanses of water.
僅僅這樣每年產生的生物量 Just the biomass thus produced every year
就相當於地球植被的一半 represents half the vegetation of the planet.
一些微藻看起來像遙遠的星系 Some microalgae resemble distant galaxies.
這些是原生生物，非常古老的有機體 These are protists，very ancient organisms.
儘管它們看起來很複雜 Despite their complexity,
它們中的大多數只是一個 most of them are nothing but a single cell
被矽石或石灰骨架包圍的單一細胞 surrounded by a silica or lime skeleton.
在這個層面上 At this level,
植物和動物之間的區別還很模糊的 the distinction between plant and animal is blurred.
這些綠色細胞有的有四肢甚至可以往上浮 Some of these green cells even have limbs which push them upwards,
擴大它們暴露在陽光下的表面積 augmenting their surface area exposed to the sun.
所有這些微藻都會消耗碳，並交換過來產生氧氣 All these microalgae consume carbon and produce，in return，oxygen.
我們人類呼吸的空氣有一半來自這些微藻的製造 Half of the air we breathe comes from these microalgae.
海洋是地球的藍肺 The ocean is the blue lung of the planet.
這些植被又引發了新生命的爆發 This vegetable flowering triggers another explosion of life,
出現了數十億以海洋草原為食的食草動物 that of billions of herbivorous animals which come to feed off the marine prairie.
這些動物僅有數毫米大，通常更小得多 These animals measure hardly a few millimetres，often much less.
它們被歸類為水母、甲殼類、細胞、貝類、幼蟲 They're classed as jellyfish，crustaceans，cells，shellfish，larvae,
等數千個物種 thousands of groups of species.
其中最重要的是無數的微型蝦 Among the most important of them are the innumerable tiny shrimps,
磷蝦，它們日夜以藻類為食 the krill，which graze on the algae night and day.
以及橈足動物 And the copepods,
這是一種以四肢驅動跳躍為遊動方式的微型海跳蚤 a sort of tiny sea flea who swim by leaping，propelled by their limbs.
所有浮游生物中的食肉動物都捕殺橈足類動物 The copepods are hunted by all the carnivores in the plankton,
特別是這些箭形的捕食者 in particular these arrow-shaped predators,
它們裝備有矽化物口器且非常貪婪 voracious and armed with silicon teeth.
在這片叢林中，獵物和捕食者不斷地混雜在一起 ln this jungle，prey and predators mingle constantly
而且總有一種甲殼類動物準備吞噬前面的捕食者 and there is always a crustacean ready to consume the preceding predators.
生命的每分每秒都是生死時刻 Each instant of life is an act of survival.
浮游生物就像一本翻開的書 The plankton is an open book
我們可以在裡面閱讀海洋的歷史 in which we can read the history of the ocean.
在30億年的時間裡，生命在這裡進化 During three billion years，life has evolved here,
在這片海洋草原上 in this marine prairie.
一些非常古老的物種，如膠狀動物 Some very ancient species，like the gelatinous animals,
只在海洋中進化 have only evolved in the ocean.
在與液體環境的完美和諧中 ln perfect harmony with the liquid environment,
它們有一個彈性身體 they have an elastic body,
能使得它們可以同時吸入食物和移動 which allows them simultaneously to suck in food and to move.
有時，它們互相鉤在一起 Sometimes，they hook on to one another,
形成巨大的鏈條以便於在水流中移動 forming immense chains to facilitate moving in the current.
它看起來有些混亂 lt looks chaotic,
但每一個生命實體都被組織到最小的細節 but each living entity is organised down to the smallest detail.
這些生命的爆炸最終消失了 These explosions of life eventually disappear,
被缺乏資源吞噬或被看不見的敵人消滅 devoured by a lack of resources or wiped out by an invisible enemy,
一種病毒的攻擊 an attack by a virus.
這數十億種病毒 Billions of viruses,
它們的生物學作用是調節生命的每一次爆發 whose biological role is to regulate each explosion of life.
大自然不能容忍過度繁殖 Nature doesn't tolerate excess.
海洋中的所有物種都依賴這種看不見的浮游生物 All the species of the ocean are dependent on this invisible plankton,
就像一條長長的生命鏈 like a long chain of life.
在冬天結束的時候 At the end of the winter,
鱈魚離開了在海洋深處的冬眠 the mackerel depart from hibernation in the depths of the ocean.
它們浮出水面，尋找海洋大草原 They come up to the surface，seeking the marine prairie.
它們沒有領頭魚 The fish have no leader,
然而它們以完美的隊形進行著機動 and yet they manoeuvre in perfect formation.
每條魚都不斷地意識到同伴的存在 Each fish is continuously aware of the presences of its neighbours
並尊重它們的距離 and respects their distance.
這種自我組織是該魚群的一條基本法則 This self-organisation is a fundamental law of the group.
這使它們能結群覓食 lt enables them to hunt as a shoal
並增加了找到富饒的捕食區的機會 and increases the chances of finding a rich feeding zone.
第一條發現食物的魚 The first who finds something
可以通過一個簡單的動作引導其他的魚 can guide the others by a simple movement.
旗魚是海洋中速度最快的魚 The sailfish is the fastest fish in the ocean.
它以魚為食 lt feeds on fish.
它的背鰭使其具有特殊的穩定性以實現其捕獲獵物 lts dorsal fin gives it exceptional stability to achieve its predatory goals.
一條100公斤的旗魚一生會吃掉1,000公斤的鯡魚 A 100-kilo sailfish will consume in its lifetime 1,000 kilos of mackerel,
而鯡魚本身就吃掉了1萬公斤的浮游動物 who themselves have consumed 10,000 kilos of zooplankton,
這些浮游生物可吃掉十萬公斤的海洋植被 who themselves have grazed on 100,000 kilos of marine prairie.
食物鏈是一個層級結構，一個金字塔結構 The food chain is a hierarchy，a pyramid structure.
有些物種選擇互相幫助 Some species choose to help one another.
鬼蝠魟魚只吃浮游生物 Manta rays only eat plankton.
它們六米寬的翼幅提供了庇護所 Their six-metre wingspan offers shelter.
作為回報，體型較小的魚會清除宿主的寄生蟲 ln return，the smaller fish remove the host's parasites.
其他小魚選擇與鯨鯊結對 Others opt for the whale shark,
世界上最大的魚 the largest of the fish.
這位旅行者穿越整個大洋尋找浮游生物 This traveller crosses entire oceans in search of plankton.
它攜帶著靠它進食為生的較小的魚 lt carries with it smaller fish who live off its intake.
團結也在這種流動性的浩瀚中起到了作用 Solidarity also has a role in this liquid immensity,
4000米深，覆蓋了地球三分之二的面積 4,000 metres deep，covering two-thirds of the planet.
有時，這段旅程會被陸地打斷 Sometimes，this journey is interrupted by land.
這裡是印尼的四王群島 Here at Raja Ampat in lndonesia,
20億年前當海水消退時露出了陸地 land appeared when the ocean retreated two billion years ago.
這些石灰岩丘陵以前位於海底 These limestone hills were previously at the bottom of the ocean.
就像在澳大利亞的鯊魚灣 Like at Shark Bay in Australia,
它們是由數十億浮游生物的骨骼組成的 they are made of billions of plankton skeletons,
當海洋覆蓋著地球時這些骨骼堆積在地質時代 piled up in the geological era when the ocean covered the planet.
隨著海水的退去 With the receding of the waters,
侵蝕將這塊岩石雕刻成了一個精心製作的墓地 erosion sculpted the rock into an elaborate graveyard,
由1500個浮游生物化石組成的迷宮 a labyrinth of 1,500 islands of fossilised plankton.
四王群島 The Raja Ampat Archipelago
是位於一個生物多樣性豐富的地區的中心 is at the heart of a region rich in biodiversity.
有1,400種魚類生活在這裡 Fourteen hundred species of fish live here,
以及四分之一的所有海洋物種 and a quarter of all marine species.
接觸到這些新興的土地時 Coming into contact with these emerging lands,
一些浮游生物或是厭倦了疲憊與飢餓 probably struggling against exhaustion and hunger,
一些浮游生物放棄了遊牧生活並在這裡定居 some plankton abandoned nomadic life and settled here.
那是5億年前的事了 That was 500 million years ago.
海洋中的一場革命 A revolution in the ocean.
這些浮游生物創造了珊瑚礁 This family of plankton created the coral reefs.
珊瑚是一種我們在白天很少實際看到的生物 Coral is a creature we rarely actually see by day.
我們在白天看到的是 What we see in the daytime
保護珊瑚的鈣質骨骼 is the calcareous skeleton which serves as its shelter,
像樹、樹枝或樹葉一樣的骨骼 a skeleton that resembles a tree，branches or leaves.
為了在這些營養物質匱乏的水域生存 To survive in these waters scarce in nutrients,
珊瑚庇護著它體內的一種藻類，這種藻類在白天靠陽光取食 coral shelters an alga within it which feeds by day on sunlight.
藻類也成為珊瑚生長的推動力 The algae have thus become the driving force of the construction,
目標是在陽光下佔據最好的位置 aiming to occupy the best place in the sun.
每一種珊瑚都在以每年幾毫米的速度與鄰近的珊瑚抗爭 Each coral struggles against its neighbours to gain more light
以獲得更多的陽光 at the speed of a few millimetres per year.
這片石化的森林 This petrified forest
是海洋星球上人口最稠密的生態系統 is the most densely populated ecosystem on the ocean planet.
一個名副其實的海底绿洲 A veritable oasis.
你可以躲在這裡，並在這裡打獵 You can hide here，and hunt here.
一切生命都有自己的領地 Each has its own territory.
這裡生命的構造都各盡其用 Everything about life here is organised.
甚至魚身上的色彩都能作偽裝或迷惑用 Even the colours of the fish represent camouflage or seduction.
就像一座神奇的海洋城市，生物從大門湧入 Like a marvellous marine city，crowds pour in through the gates.
為了擺脫寄生蟲它們來自很遠的地方 They come from far away to get rid of their parasites
因為只有珊瑚礁才能提供足夠的多樣性來保證這種需求 because only the reef offers enough diversity to guarantee that kind of service.
數百萬年的進化使每個物種 Millions of years of evolution have enabled each species
都在這個珊瑚大都市找到了一席之地和角色 to find a place and a role in this coral metropolis.
蠍子魚偽裝自己 The scorpion fish camouflages itself,
而蜘蛛蟹卻任由貝類棲息 while the spider crab lets itself be colonised by shellfish
並在靜止時變得看不見 and becomes invisible when motionless.
或者你可以隱匿起來 Or you can hide.
就像在每個國際大都市一樣，珊瑚礁上的生活並不是自發的 As in every cosmopolitan city，life in the reef is not spontaneous.
如果你不想成為他人的盤中餐 There are codes，rules of social life to be respected
社交生活中的一些準則和規則是值得尊重的 if you don't want to end up in your neighbour's stomach.
對於這些章魚來說隱藏成為一種藝術 Concealment becomes an art for these octopi,
它們能夠改變皮膚的顏色和結構 capable of changing the colour and structure of their skin
來欺騙他們的攻擊者 to deceive their attackers.
儘管這種集體存在的風險 Despite the risks of this collective existence,
很多物種還是將珊瑚礁作為了棲息地 many species use the reef as a nursery.
在所有的海洋中 Of all the ocean,
珊瑚礁仍然是提供養家餬口最好機會的地方 it is still the place that offers the best chance for raising a family.
墨魚通過將它們的卵藏在珊瑚的分支中盡可能深的地方 Cuttlefish protect their eggs by hiding them as deep as possible
來保護它們，這樣其他魚就不能吃它們 in the branches of the coral so that other fish cannot eat them.
但能持續多久呢？獵物和捕食者是如此接近 But for how long? Prey and predators are so close.
海葵的觸角有毒，甚至致命 The tentacles of the anemones are poisonous，even deadly.
只有小丑魚才能在其中生活 Only clown fish can live among them.
它們從幼魚期開始 They immunise themselves
就通過磨擦觸手來免疫自己 by rubbing against the tentacles from a very young age.
這種自然接種 This natural vaccination
使得海葵成為了它們的避難所 then enables them to use the anemone as a refuge.
對那些不瞭解珊瑚礁的生物來說 For those who do not know the reef,
事實上這座神奇的城市充滿了危險 this marvellous city is in fact full of dangers.
花傘軟珊瑚不是花，而是一種没有骨骼的珊瑚 The xenid is not a flower，but a coral without a skeleton,
一種用觸角捕捉浮游生物的動物 an animal that traps the plankton in its tentacles.
在晚上，礁石就更危險了 At night，the reef is even more dangerous.
珊瑚的活體部分，珊瑚蟲 The living part of the coral，the polyp,
白天是看不見的，但在晚上會出現 is invisible by day，but appears at night.
這種膠狀生物是水母的遠親 This gelatinous creature is a distant cousin of the jellyfish.
它也用觸角捕獵 lt also hunts with its tentacles.
它固定在珊瑚礁中 lmmobile in the reef,
它依靠洋流帶來獵物 it relies on the marine currents to bring its prey.
對於那些漂浮得太近的生物來說這太糟糕了 Too bad for those who float too close.
它的觸角通過注射一種致命的毒液 lts tentacles immobilise everything that touches them
來固定所有接觸到它們的東西 by injecting a deadly poison.
有時，即使是一種如此強大的消化糖 Sometimes，even a digestive sugar so powerful
它也可以消化生物 that it can digest living things.
珊瑚礁是一種危險的掠奪者 The reef is a dangerous predator.
一旦被困住，受害者就無法逃離這些觸手 Once trapped，the victim cannot escape from these arms,
觸手慢慢地將它拉向嘴巴，在那裡它將被消化 which pull it slowly towards the mouth，where it will be digested.
每年一次，恰好在同一時間，春天的滿月 Once a year，at exactly the same time，at the spring full moon,
會發生一次非同尋常的事件 an extraordinary event occurs.
珊瑚礁進入繁殖期 The reef enters its reproductive phase.
數以百萬計，它們釋放雄配子和雌配子 By millions，they release male and female gametes.
它們融合在一起，就會生出小珊瑚蟲 Fusing together，they give birth to larvae.
未來珊瑚礁的幼蟲 The larvae of future coral reefs.
這種卵子的釋放每年只發生一次 This release of eggs happens only once a year.
它只持續幾個小時 lt lasts for only a few hours,
這取决於特定珊瑚間完美的同步配合 and it depends on perfect synchronisation between all the corals of a given species.
珊瑚幼蟲被水流驅散幾個晝夜 The larvae are dispersed by the current
然後落足更遠的地方 for several days and nights before landing further away.
他們離開去征服一塊新的領土 They leave to conquer a new territory.
那些幸存的幼體固定在深海的新城牆上 Those which survive fix on the new walls of the deep sea
以使孕育它們的巨大珊瑚城市永垂不朽 to perpetuate the immense coral city which gave birth to them.
這是一個不斷擴張的過程 lt's a constant expansion.
5億年來 For 500 million years,
珊瑚一直在生長、死亡和生長 the coral have been growing，dying and growing.
它們的骨骼構成了天空可見的珊瑚礁帝國 Their construction has built an empire visible from the skies,
地球上最大的生物構造 the biggest living construct of the planet.
海洋的所有動物 All the fauna of the ocean
都與這些生命綠洲聯繫在一起 is linked to these oases of life.
在波利尼西亞，石斑魚經過長途旅程 ln Polynesia，the grouper make a long voyage
來到珊瑚礁區產卵 to come and lay their eggs on the side of the reef.
對於這個通常與世隔絕的社區來說，這是一次盛大的聚會 lt's a huge meeting for this normally solitary community,
它們來到環礁湖尋求庇護，以便繁殖 who come to the lagoon seeking shelter for their reproduction.
但這種聚集會引來覓食的灰鯊 But this meeting is also attended by marauding grey sharks.
在它們的一生中 ln the course of their lives,
石斑魚從雌性開始，一旦超過一定的體重和年齡 groupers start off female，then change sex and become male
就會變性，變成雄性 once they are above a certain weight and age.
它們向前跳躍，將精子混合在一起 They leap forward，mixing their sperm.
雌魚，產卵後變得虚弱，成為易捕的獵物 The females，weakened by laying，make easy prey.
鯊魚開始襲擊了 The sharks attack.
它們會捕殺許多石斑魚 They will massacre many of the grouper,
但矛盾的是，這種捕食對石斑魚作為一個物種來說是至關重要的 but this predation，paradoxically，is vital for the grouper as a species,
否則它們將因為繁殖過快而變得數量過大 who will otherwise reproduce too fast and become too numerous.
還是老道理，大自然不會縱容過度繁殖 Here again，nature does not tolerate excess,
總是有一個捕食者在另一個上面等著 there's always one predator waiting just above another.
雙髻鯊是令人膽寒的獵手 Hammerhead sharks are fearsome hunters.
這些動物在2,000萬年前進化，是超級捕食者 Evolving 20 million years ago，these animals are super predators.
它們錘子形狀的頭部就像魚鰭一樣，有助於提高靈活性 Their hammer-shaped head acts like a fin and promotes agility.
眼睛的位置，相距很遠，給了它們3D視覺 The position of the eyes，very far apart，gives them 3D vision.
它們獵殺魚和其他鯊魚 They hunt the fish and other sharks.
就好像捕食的迴圈支配著物種的進化 lt's as if the cycle of predation governed the evolution of species.
而這就是我們出現在故事中的地方 And here's where we appear in the story.
我們在此，人類 Here we are，people.
是生命鏈中的最後一環 The last link in the chain of life,
我們頭頂上沒有捕食者 we have no predator above us.
我們從這裡開始 We began here,
那是與海洋相對的地方 on the other side of the mirror of the ocean.
我們佔領了這片露出海面的陸地 We occupy the land which emerged.
很久以前，為了保護我們自己 Very long ago，to protect ourselves,
我們建造了像那些仍然存在於巴拿馬聖布拉斯的村莊 we built villages like those that still exist at San Blas in Panama.
我們不能像魚一樣游水 We can't swim like the fish,
所以我們想出了橫渡大洋的船 so we conceived boats to cross the oceans.
然後我們建立了一個 And then we built a world
在我們之前沒有其他物種建立過的世界 like nothing any other species had built before us.
為了建造我們的城鎮，我們在島嶼之間建造了橋樑 To build our towns，we constructed bridges between islands,
我們通過陸地征服了海洋 we conquered the ocean via the land.
我們學會了打通山脉 We learned to dig through mountains,
改變水流流向甚至圍海造田 change the course of the waters and even create islands.
我們建立了一個比珊瑚城更大的帝國 We built an empire even bigger than the coral cities.
我們的城牆，我們巨大的城鎮，從天上都能看到 Our walls，our enormous towns，can be seen from the sky.
通過我們的智慧，我們，弱小的人類變得非常強大 Through our intelligence，we，weak humanity，became really very strong.
無論貧富 Rich or poor,
我們世界上一半的人住在離水不到100公里的地方 half the people of our world live less than 100 kilometres from the water.
撒哈拉以南非洲的幾乎所有人口 Almost the entire population of sub-Saharan Africa
都集中在海岸線上 is concentrated on the coastline.
僅尼日利亞的拉各斯市就有1,700萬居民 Just the city of Lagos in Nigeria has 17 million inhabitants.
超過10萬人居住在岸邊的棚戶區裡 More than 100,000 people live in the shantytown on the shore.
遷徙到這裡的人口在陸地上沒有立足之地 The population that migrated here has no place on land,
所以他們轉向大海 so they turn to the sea.
我們的人口在不斷增長 Our population is constantly growing.
我們已有超過70億人口 We are more than seven billion.
每過一秒 Every second that goes by,
地球上就會多出兩個人需要養活 there are two more people on the planet to be fed.
而且我們遠不能飽足 And we are hungry,
所以，自然而然地，我們轉向海洋來養活我們 so，naturally，we turn to the ocean to feed us.
30億人直接依賴海洋資源 Three billion human beings depend directly on marine resources.
幾乎有10億人 For almost a billion people,
魚是動物蛋白質的唯一來源 fish represent their only source of animal proteins.
海洋是我們生存的關鍵 The ocean is key to our survival.
我們每天都有400萬艘漁船出發向海洋發起進攻 Four million of our fishing boats set out each day to attack the ocean.
大多數都是像這樣的小船 The majority are just little boats like these,
每天早上在塞內加爾海岸卸貨 which unload each morning on the coasts of Senegal.
我們的捕魚從一開始就是一種家庭手藝 Our fishing has been since the beginning a family craft,
實踐並代代相傳 practised and transmitted from generation to generation.
儘管這是一個危險的職業 Although it's a dangerous profession,
但當人們不能以土地為食時，最貧窮的人就會轉向海洋 when people can't feed off the land，the poorest turn to the sea.
世界範圍的 Worldwide,
包括間接就業和家政服務 including indirect employment and families,
漁業養活了5億人 fishing sustains 500 million people.
在這裡，我看到了海洋的豐饒 Here，l see the abundance of the ocean.
海洋給我們帶來了其他的食物 The ocean brings us other food.
從我們的歷史開始 Since the very beginning of our history,
我們在海邊收集野生海藻 we have gathered wild seaweeds on the shore.
它們已經生存了35億年 They have existed for three and a half billion years.
就像在陸地上耕種一樣我們開始學習海洋種植 We learned to cultivate the sea as we came to farm the land.
海藻在收穫前只需要六週的生長時間 The seaweed needs only six weeks of growth before harvest.
它需要的僅僅是陽光以及流動的海水 lt requires only sunlight and the movement of the currents.
今天在印尼的巴厘島 Today in Bali in lndonesia,
我們種植海藻並從中提取營養豐富的明膠 we cultivate seaweed and extract from it a nourishing gelatine.
海藻養殖為我們帶來了1,500噸海藻 This farming today produces 15 million tons of seaweed,
並出口到世界各地 exported all over the world.
棕色、綠色和紅色的海藻用途廣泛 Brown，green and red seaweed serve all purposes,
藥品、布料、化肥和食物 medicine，cloth，fertiliser and food.
我們尋找了一小部分海域 We trace out small portions of sea
並將河口改造成私人租界 and transform estuaries into private concessions.
全世界有超過50萬公頃的海域專門用於種植海藻 More than 500,000 hectares of the globe are dedicated to cultivation of seaweed,
養活了一百萬海上農民 supporting a million sea farmers.
在韓國的莞島群島 ln South Korea，in the Wando Archipelago,
超過200座島嶼已經用來種植海藻 over 200 islands have converted to farming seaweeds.
這些壯觀的土地是在陽光下鋪開的巨大的網 These magnificent expanses are immense nets spread out in the sun,
是用來晾晒收穫的海藻 which are used to dry the harvests.
海洋中的3萬種海藻中 Of the 30,000 species of seaweed which grow in the sea,
只有大約50種是可食用的 only around 50 are edible.
在這裡，我們種植昆布 Here，we grow kombu,
可以長到三米長的大型海藻 large seaweeds which can grow to three metres in length.
在亞洲，這種海藻是基本的食物來源 ln Asia，this seaweed is a basic food source.
這些糖味的葉子含有蛋白質、礦物鹽和維生素 These sugar-flavoured leaves contain proteins，mineral salts and vitamins.
人類捕魚已有4萬年歷史了 We have been fishing for 40,000 years,
不斷改進我們的漁業和我們的漁網 constantly improving our fisheries and our nets.
捕魚成為了一項產業 Fishing became an industry.
光有一家人已經不行了，重要的是要有投資和技術 lt's no longer a question of family，but of investment and technology.
為了增加我們的漁獲量，我們的漁民組成了船隊 To increase our catch，our fishermen formed fleets.
而深海拖網更是一項革命性的發明 What changed everything is the invention of the deep sea trawl,
這種漁網有漏斗狀開口，與鯨鯊的嘴類似 a large net with a funnel-shaped opening like the mouth of the whale shark.
我們的漁網十分巨大有的能達到40公里 Our nets are so large that some measure 40 kilometres.
或者25英哩 Or 25 miles.
然後整個工廠都搬到了海上 Then entire factories took to the sea.
我們使用探測器、雷達，並將我們所有的聰明才智 We use probes，radar，and focus all our ingenuity
集中在獵殺海洋生物上 on hunting down marine life.
每年，我們在全球捕撈9000萬噸野生魚類 Every year，we fish 90 million tons of wild fish globally.
其中的一半是由1％的漁船捕撈到的 Half this amount is fished by only 1% of our fishing boats.
我們的拖網漁船，我們的圍網，我們的網是如此巨大 Our trawlers，our seines，our nets are so huge
以至於我們不再選擇我們要捕撈的東西 that we no longer choose what we're taking.
我們來什麼捕什麼 We take whatever comes
然後根據魚的市場價值進行分類 and sort it later according to the market value of the fish.
阿拉斯加鳕魚，大西洋鲱魚 Alaska pollock，Atlantic herring,
我們只是全數捕撈 we just scoop it all up.
除了科學家設定的魚類配額外 There is no limit to our predation
我們的捕食行為是沒有限制的 apart from the fish quotas fixed by scientists.
但誰能阻止我們肆意捕撈呢? But who can prevent us from exceeding them?
在世界範圍內，80%的商業魚類種群 Worldwide，80% of commercial fish stocks
已被宣佈完全開發或過度開發了 have been declared fully exploited or overexploited.
我們的捕魚量已經到達上限 我們正處在生物極限上 Our fishing has reached a ceiling. We are at a biological limit.
我們怎麼會走到這個地步? How could we have gotten to this point?
我們的密集捕撈犧牲了數以百萬計的魚 Our intensive fishing sacrifices millions of fish.
這些都是廢棄的，漁獲物的廢棄物 These are the waste，the rejects of the catch,
或者僅僅是那些在我們的漁網裡被壓死的魚 or just the fish that got crushed to death in our nets.
魚被白白殺死了 Fish killed for nothing.
隨著海面的魚源即將耗盡 As the stocks near the surface run out,
我們越挖越遠，越挖越深 we rake further and further，deeper and deeper.
我們的拖網漁船現在下潛3,000多米 Our trawlers now go down more than 3,000 metres.
我們盲目地捕撈一種我們幾乎不知道的動物 We blindly fish a fauna we hardly know.
深海底層的動物，生活在黑暗中，孤獨而飢餓 The fauna of the abyss，that lives in the dark，alone and hungry.
在深海底層裡，光線逐漸減弱 ln the abyss，the light gradually disappears.
生命圍繞著這種沒有光的地方而蓬勃繁衍，而這真是神奇 Life flourishes around this absence of light，and what a life.
櫛水母門動物，生活在海下大約100米深的地方 At around 100 metres deep，the ctenophores.
這些膠狀生物擁有發光器官 These gelatinous creatures possess luminous organs
來嚇跑它們的敵人 to frighten off their enemies.
更深的地方，在海面下1,000米處，在海洋的暮色中 Still deeper，1,000 metres below the surface，in the ocean twilight,
我們找到了管水母 we find the siphonophores.
這些是最大的浮游生物 These are the largest kind of plankton.
有些長達50米 Some measure up to 50 metres.
它們的器官不是分散的，而是聚集在一起的 Their organs are not spread out，but grouped together.
一邊，它們有自己的胃 On one side，they have their stomachs,
另一邊是，它們用來漂浮的魚囊 on the other，the swim bladders they use to float.
在這兩者之間，它們部署了一張網來捕捉從海面掉下來的任何食物 Between the two，they deploy a net to trap any food which falls from the surface.
墜入深海底層就像乘坐生物時光機返回 Descending into the abyss is like travelling back in a biological time machine.
這裡有大約2,000種深海底層魚類 There are maybe 2,000 species of abyss-dwelling fish.
一個可怕的動物寓言集 A terrifying bestiary.
蝰魚可以吞下比它大的獵物 Viperfish that can eat things larger than themselves.
吞噬鳗會吞下所有身邊經過的東西 Gulper eels that gobble everything which passes.
在1,500米深的地方生存是很困難的 Survival is tough at 1,500 metres deep.
在大約3,000米的地方，完全没有光照 At around 3,000 metres，there is no more light.
這是吸血烏賊的王國，是烏賊的史前表親 lt's the kingdom of the vampire squid，a prehistoric cousin of the squid.
吸血烏賊藍色的血液中含有銅 The vampire squid has blue blood laced with copper.
它巨大的眼睛能察覺出 lts enormous eyes detect slight variations
它上方朝向地表的對比度微小的變化 in contrast above it，towards the surface.
它的視力完全適應了黑暗環境 lts vision is entirely adapted to the shadows.
由沉殿物所生成的水面，均勻而灰色 The sedimentary plane，uniform and grey,
似乎伸展到被攝影機照亮了看不見的地方 seems to stretch out of sight and span lit by the camera.
當我們走近這片海綿沼澤時，我們看到食肉海綿在進食 When we approach this spongy marsh，we see carnivorous sponges at work.
當殘肢末節落到海底 When waste touches the bottom,
螃蟹、鰻魚和食肉海綿都以它為食 crabs，eels and carnivorous sponges gorge on it.
在泥中看不見的是 lnvisible in the mud,
數十億的細菌分解了剩下的殘骸 billions of bacteria break down what remains of the living.
在這裡，物種生命進程進行得更為緩慢 Here，species live more slowly,
有時候它們能活到150年 sometimes to 150 years old,
因為在海平面以下4,000米深處 because of the extraordinary pressure at minus 4,000 metres,
有超乎尋常的壓力 at the bottom of the sea.
這裡氧氣缺乏 Oxygen is scarce.
然而，在這裡 在這個世界裡，我們幾乎不知道 And yet，here we are. ln this world we hardly know.
我們來到這裡是因為我們對資源枯竭的恐惧 Here we are because we're afraid of running out.
我們希望滿足我們對石油的依賴 We're looking to feed our addiction to oil.
海洋似乎是由水組成的 The ocean seems to be made of water.
但事實上，它是生物化學和地質的聯合體 But in reality，it's an alliance between life，chemistry and geology.
所有從海面落下的 All the wastes，corpses,
廢物，殘骸，海藻碎片 particles of seaweed which come down from the surface,
海洋的所有小細胞都在"海雪"中結束了自己的生命 each tiny cell of the ocean finishes its life here in "marine snow."
數百萬年來 For millions of years,
富含碳的浮游生物遺體一直在海底累積 dead plankton loaded with carbon has been building up at the bottom of the seas.
它堆積在厚厚的地層中形成了這些岩石 lt piles up in thick layers and gives rise to these rocks,
我們稱之為石灰岩 which we call limestone,
這些隨海平面下降就會逐漸露出海面 and which emerge in peaks at each lowering of the sea level.
有時，這堆積的屍體不會轉變為岩石 Sometimes，this heap of corpses doesn't transform into rock,
而是慢慢地融化成一種，粘稠的黑色有機物質 but rather slowly melts down into an organic substance，viscous and black.
石油 Oil.
幾乎，所有海床和陸地上都能找到石油 lt exists everywhere，almost，on the seabeds and on land,
那裡曾經是海洋覆蓋地球的地方 where the ocean once covered the planet.
剛開始我們只開採淺層石油 We began by pumping out the shallow deposits.
但這些儲備已經快消耗殆盡了 But these reserves are already running out,
我們尋求更遠和更遠、更深和更深 and we seek further and further，deeper and deeper.
我們現在正在勘探鑽探到7,000米深的石油礦藏 We're now exploring deposits drilling up to 7,000 metres deep.
明天最後一批石油儲備 The last reserves of oil tomorrow
將在最難以接近的海域找到 will be found in the most inaccessible zones of the sea.
這是燃燒浮游生物放出的火焰，這是生命的燃燒 These flames are plankton burning，life burning.
我們在世界各地的海洋上有2萬個石油鑽井平臺 We have 20,000 oil rigs on the world's seas.
每年，我們燃燒的浮游生物相當於 Every year，we burn the equivalent of
一百萬年的浮游生物 a million years of laying down of plankton.
我們的工業革命消耗了地球1億年的碳储量 Our industrial revolution has cost the planet 100 million carbon years.
我們每年用我們的超級油輪運輸20億噸石油 We transport two billion tons of oil every year on board our supertankers,
這是現存的最大的移動建築 which are the biggest mobile constructions that exist.
石油是我們文明發展最主要的能源 Oil is the main source of energy for our civilisation.
這種能量推動我們超越一切極限 This energy propels us beyond all limits.
在他們巨大的装載中 ln their gigantic holds,
這些船攜帶著海洋生物地質史的一部分 these ships are carrying a part of the bio-geological history of the ocean.
隨著這場工業革命，我們的生活從此改變 With this revolution，our lives have changed.
地球的歷史也隨之改變 That of the planet also.
我們如此需要我們的船隻 We need our ships so much
以至於我們將美國一分為二以連接海洋 that we have cut America in two to link the seas.
我們創造了巴拿馬運河 We created the Panama Canal,
它猶如一道80公里長的砍痕貫穿熱帶雨林 a slash of 80 kilometres right through the jungle.
每年，13,000艘船可以行駛得更快而且更遠 Every year，13,000 ships can go faster and further.
每隔45分鐘就有一艘船翻越這座山 A ship crosses the mountain every 45 minutes.
為了給運河的水門供水 To feed the locks of our canal,
我們創造了一個巨大的湖泊-加頓湖，那裡儲存著雨水 we created an enormous lake，Lake Gatun，which stocks rainwater.
當雨水稀少時，運河可能會出現技術故障 When the rains are scarce，the canal risks technical failure.
庫存原材料、天然氣、工廠船舶、運輸車輛、郵輪 Stocks of raw materials，gas，factory ships，transport of vehicles，cruise ships,
種類繁多的船舶 an infinite diversity of vessels.
我們四分之三的貨物是通過海運路線運輸的 We transport three quarters of our merchandise by the ocean routes.
我們所有船隻中的總司令船是集裝箱船 The admiral ship of all our boats is the container ship,
它能裝載著數以千計相同的金屬箱子的船隻 ships carrying thousands of identical metal boxes.
金錢刺激著工廠 The riches of the world which power our factories
並不斷創造新財富使我們能夠 produces new wealth，which gives us the means
將村莊改造成城市 to transform our villages into immense cities.
在巴拿馬城，這裡只是一片森林 Here in Panama City，there was only jungle.
如今，金錢源源不斷地湧入 Today，money is flowing in tides.
從鹿特丹、德班、舊金山、新加坡 Rotterdam，Durban，San Francisco，Singapore,
我們的船隻在各大洲之間編織了一張網 our ships weave a web between the continents.
海洋將我們的城鎮匯聚成一個世界 The ocean brings together our towns into a single world.
所有的海上航線都匯聚在亞洲 All the sea routes converge on Asia.
世界上排名前50的港口中有11個在中國 Of the top 50 ports in the world，11 are in China.
而最重要的一大港是上海 And the most important is Shanghai.
它位於一座34公里長的大橋的一端 lt's located at one end of a 34-kilometre bridge,
位於公海上的一個島嶼上，該島嶼被夷為平地，用於建造淡水港 on an island in the open sea which was razed to build a freshwater port.
它是世界上最大的港口 lt's the biggest port in the world.
在延綿數公里的碼頭上 On the kilometres of quayside,
巨型起重機每年卸貨3000萬個集裝箱 giant cranes unload every year 30 million containers,
這些集裝箱將被調換、改道、進貨 which will be exchanged，re-routed，stocked.
誰知道我們的箱子要去哪裡，裡面裝的是什麼？ Who knows where our boxes are going and what they contain?
貨櫃運輸就像一場遊戲 Container transport is like a game,
需要裝滿空箱，需要清空滿滿的箱 of empty boxes to be filled，and full boxes to be emptied.
我們有6億個集裝箱在海洋上流通 We have 600 million containers circulating on the ocean.
它們是我們創造的世界中的關鍵紐帶 They are the key link in the world we have created.
海洋使全球化成為可能 The ocean made globalisation possible.
需求是如此之大 The demand is so great
以至於我們的集裝箱船船隊在不到10年的時間裡增加了兩倍 that our fleet of container ships has tripled in under 10 years.
在韓國、中國和日本的造船廠裡 Three thousand cargo ships are currently under construction
目前正在建造3,000艘貨輪 in the shipyards of Korea，China and Japan,
這些船廠提供了世界產量的90% which provide 90% of the world's production.
這裡的一切都過於龐大 Everything here is oversized.
巨大的船廠雇佣超過一萬名工人 Gigantic yards employing more than 10,000 workers
對現有船舶進行簡化或擴展 cut and extend the existing ships.
我們組裝的船隻長度超過400米 We assemble ships over 400 metres long,
相當於四個足球場的面積 the area of four football fields.
造船業的這種持續增長 This relentless growth of the ship industry
只是對另一種工業需求的回應 is only responding to another industrial need.
世界上的工廠都搬到了這裡 The world's factories have moved here.
海洋使我們的產業實現了全球化 The ocean has enabled the globalisation of our industries.
僅一艘船就能將整座森林運至加工廠 A single ship can bring an entire forest to our factories,
原木被加工成紙張木板傢俱及工業品 which transform it into paper，planks，furniture，manufactured products.
中國是全世界最大的原木進口國 China is the world's top importer of logs.
多虧了海洋，沒有森林是安全的 Thanks to the oceans，no forest is safe.
每年有超過5億噸的原材料通過海運運抵上海 Over 500 million tons of raw materials arrive in Shanghai every year by sea.
供應粗鋼、煤、木材、銅 Supplies of crude steel，coal，wood，copper,
都是我們從地球上獲取的所有稀有礦物 all the scarce minerals that we take from the planet.
就在港口區周圍，我們的工廠在熔煉鋼鐵 Right around the port zone，our factories melt steel,
為其他工廠生產新的化學物質 to produce a new chemistry for other factories
這些工廠建造、組裝和包裝產品 which construct，assemble and wrap products
最終出口到世界各地 destined to be exported all over the world.
70億人的生活與世界的這一部分息息相關 The life of seven billion people is connected to this part of the world.
這些漁民在這裡，在工廠的廢物中 What can these fishermen catch here,
在這個沒有人性的世界的中心 in the waste from the factories and
漁民能從這裡捕到什麼呢? at the heart of this dehumanised world?
我們的觸手狀的小鎮如雨後春筍般湧現 Our tentacular towns sprout like mushrooms.
上海是我們一意孤行的象徵 Shanghai is a symbol of our headlong rush.
2,300萬人居住在上海這個巨大都市 Twenty-three million people are living in the Shanghai megalopolis.
超過6,000座建築從地球上拔地而起 Over 6,000 buildings have sprung from the earth.
兩萬個新的建築工地正在建設中 Twenty thousand new building sites are in progress,
瘋狂的建築向著天空攀登 a frenzy of construction climbing towards the sky.
世界上每個國家都夢想著 Every country in the world dreams of
有上海和中國那樣的增長速度 having the growth rate of Shanghai and China.
我們的城市正在向陸地以外的地方擴張 Our cities are spreading beyond the land,
但他們的財富歸功於身處海洋之門 but owe their fortune to being at the gates of the ocean.
海洋行星已經成為我們的星球 Planet ocean has become our planet.
但如果我們錯了呢? But if we were wrong?
海洋這個人類的誕生地如今似乎離我們很遙遠 The ocean that we came from seems so far from us today.
在短短200年內 ln barely 200 years,
我們已經猛烈地擾亂了 we have violently disrupted
40億年的世界自然歷史 four billion years of the natural history of the world.
我們不再看到生命的美 We no longer see the beauty of life,
而只看到它能為我們物種做什麼，它能讓我們創造什麼 but only what it can do for our species，what it enables us to produce.
生活在我們周圍的一切都因我們的存在而遭受痛苦 Everything that lives around us suffers from our existence.
我們所到之處都會留下足跡 We leave footprints everywhere we go.
他們說這些抹香鲸在，倒立著做夢 They say these sperm whales are dreaming，head downward.
也許在做夢的是我們吧! Maybe it's us that's dreaming,
認為我們可以在這種瘋狂的增長中繼續下去 thinking that we can carry on in this frenzy of growth
而不會產生任何後果 without any consequences.
我們的10萬艘船 One hundred thousand of our ships crisscross
不停地在我們星球的海洋中穿梭 the seas of our planet unceasingly.
我們的需求增長得越多，我們的機器數量也就越多 The more our needs grow，the more numerous our machines become.
無論我們做什麼 No matter what we do,
我們的工業文明正在摧毀它周圍的自然世界 our industrial civilisation is destroying the natural world around it.
污染的風險已經成為我們周圍一切的威脅 The risk of pollution has become a threat to everything that comes near us.
我們的巨型發動機每小時消耗數噸汽油和機油 Our gigantic motors burn tons of petrol and oil by the hour.
我們把汙染物質從各個方向排放到空氣和海洋中 We spit out polluting materials in all directions into the air and the ocean.
在極地地區，由於全球變暖 ln the polar regions，the permanent ice cap is melting
永久冰蓋正在慢慢融化 as a result of global warming.
這裡沒有工廠，沒有機器 There are no factories here，no machines,
然而這種升溫是由我們自己的碳排放造成的 and yet this heating up is caused by our own carbon emissions.
化石能源，我們文明所需的石油 Fossil energy，the oil we need for our civilisation,
正在導致海洋温度升得過高 is causing the ocean to overheat.
但北極融化還有另一個更為嚴重的後果 But the melting of the Arctic has another，more serious consequence.
在北方，永久北極冰蓋的融化 ln the North，the melting of the permanent Arctic ice caps
使海洋面積擴大 is revealing open ocean.
海水吸收冰層用來反射的太陽熱 The waters absorb the solar heat that the ice used to reflect back.
這種温室效應現象被放大了 This phenomenon is amplified.
海洋本身正在加速氣候變暖 The ocean itself is accelerating the warming.
在格陵蘭島，和南極也一樣 ln Greenland，as in the Antarctic,
覆蓋在突出土地上的冰川是由淡水組成的 the glaciers which cover the protruding land are made of fresh water.
冰川融化使大量淡水流入海洋與鹽水混合 Their melting sends streams of fresh water into the salty sea.
在全球範圍內 The great circulation of marine currents
流動並調節氣候的洋流的大循環 that flow around the globe and regulate the climate
正逐漸受阻 is gradually blocking up.
後果會是什麼？ What will be the consequences?
在人類的記憶中，從來沒有經歷過這樣的變化 ln human memory，no such change has ever been experienced.
所以我們不能知道 So we can't know.
距離兩萬多公里，距離極地很遠 Over 20,000 kilometres away，very far from the polar regions,
氣候變化已經產生了影響 climate change is already having an effect.
從海面看是看不見的 lt's invisible from the surface.
要想看到它，你必須潛入熱帶的珊瑚礁 To see it，you have to dive to a reef in the tropics,
比如伯利茲的藍洞邊緣 like on the edge of the Blue Hole in Belize,
世界第二大珊瑚礁 the second largest coral reef in the world.
珊瑚對温度的變化非常敏感 Corals are highly sensitive to changes in temperature.
持續幾周不到一度的溫度變化就足以殺死它們 A difference of less than one degree for a few weeks is enough to kill them.
之後只剩下一片白色骨架的礁石 Only a reef of white skeletons remains.
這些白色區域正在蔓延 These white areas are spreading.
科學家們非常擔心 Scientists are very worried.
在過去的50年裡地球上四分之一的珊瑚已經死亡 A quarter of corals on our planet have died in the last 50 years.
當前的問題不是它們的死亡 The immediate problem is not their death,
而是它們消失帶來的影響 but rather the impact of their disappearance.
垂死的時候，他們什麼都不會留下 海洋綠洲變成了沙漠 Dying，they leave nothing behind. The marine oasis becomes a desert.
在更遠的海域，浩瀚的海洋掩蓋了其他事實 Further out to sea，the immensity of the ocean hides other facts.
在珊瑚死了之後 After the coral,
浮游生物的健康狀況變得至關重要 it's the state of health of the plankton which becomes critical.
在我們剛剛開始發現的這片海洋上 Scientific missions are multiplying on this ocean
科學任務正在成倍增加 that we are just beginning to discover.
他們正試圖瞭解海洋生物將會發生什麼變化 They're trying to understand what is going to change in marine life.
那些是哺育我們的生命 The life that feeds us.
浮游生物，所有食物鏈的基礎 lt seems that the plankton，the base of all the food chains,
似乎正在向水域仍然溫和的極地地區移動 is moving toward the polar region where the waters are still temperate.
在50年的時間裡，它又向北遷徙了1,200公里了 ln 50 years，it has moved 1,200 kilometres further northwards.
浮游生物的這種重新分佈已經對海洋生物產生了影響 This redistribution of plankton is already having an effect on marine life.
每年，牛鼻魚都會在 Every year，cownose rays migrate
巴西和溫帶之間遷徙尋找食物 between Brazil and the temperate zones in search of food.
每年，這段旅程都會把它們帶到更高、更北的地方 Every year，the journey takes them a little higher，a little further north.
全球變暖正在破壞海洋生態 Global warming is disrupting the ecology of the ocean.
隨著這種變化，我們的捕魚區也在發生變化 With this change，our fishing territories are also changing.
但我知道，我們無法阻止自己捕魚 But l know that we can't stop ourselves from fishing.
在智利，世界上四分之一的噸位是被捕撈的 ln Chile，where a quarter of the world's tonnage is fished,
大海養活了成千上萬的傳統漁民和他們的家 the sea supports thousands of traditional fishermen and their families.
許多人背負著沉重的債務來支付他們的船隻費用 Many are heavily in debt to pay for their boats.
商業魚種變得越來越少 Commercial species are becoming scarce,
因此他們正在轉向剩餘的魚種 so they are turning to what remains.
我們以前不吃智利沙丁魚和祕魯鳳尾魚 We didn't eat Chilean sardine and Peruvian anchovy in the past.
但現在我們每年捕撈1,000多萬噸這些魚 But now we fish over 10 million tons of them per year.
這對於單一物種而言是極大的壓力 Extraordinary pressure on a single species,
這些魚是這片水域裡僅存的物種了 the only one remaining in these waters.
就在智利海岸沿線 Right along the coast of Chile,
有一股強大的洋流從海底湧出 a powerful current rises up from the bottom of the ocean.
水流仍富含浮游生物，還有大量的沙丁魚 lt's still rich in plankton，and the sardines are abundant.
這是一股湧升流 This is an upwelling current.
它攪動海水，帶來營養物 lt churns the water，bringing nutrients.
海豹和鳥來捕獵聚集在這些 Seals and birds come to hunt the small fish,
上漲的水位周圍的小魚 which gather around these rising waters.
智利人用圍網捕魚 The Chileans fish with a seine,
這是一種很長的網可以捕獲40多噸魚 a very long net that closes over 40 tons of catch.
機器把每一張網裡的50萬條魚吸進船艙 Five hundred thousand fish in each net that a machine sucks up into the hold.
雖然沙丁魚只能活幾年，但它們繁殖得很快 Though sardines only live a few years，they reproduce rapidly.
這些藍色小魚是這個世界上最後一批幸存的魚 These blue fish are the last still holding out in this world.
我們不吃這些魚 我們抓到它們來做魚粉 We don't eat these fish. We catch them to make fish meal.
魚粉是用來飼養養殖魚的 Fish meal which feeds farmed fish.
每年，總共養殖2500萬噸海魚 ln total，25 million tons of sea fish are raised every year,
大部分產品來自挪威和智利 most of the production coming from Norway and Chile.
我們只飼養具有高市場價值的物種 We only raise species with high market value,
海鯛、三文魚和鱈魚 sea bream，salmon and bass.
養殖一公斤養殖魚需要四公斤野生沙丁魚 Four kilos of wild sardines are needed to produce one kilo of farmed fish.
我們的養魚業是以野生資源為基礎的產業 Our fish farming is an industry based on a wild resource.
而當沒有沙丁魚的時候，我們該怎麼辦？ And when there are no more sardines，what will we do?
隨著我們的資源耗盡，我們走得越來越遠 As our resources run out，we go further and further.
公海是一片自由區域 The high seas are a free zone.
海洋的三分之二屬於每個人所有，因此是不屬於任何人 Two-thirds of the ocean belongs to everyone，and so to no one,
因此屬於最先使用它的人 and so belongs to the first to use it.
在西非海岸外 Off the coast of West Africa,
流氓船主派貧窮的漁民去掠奪最後一個盛產魚的地區 rogue ship-owners send poor fishermen to pillage the last zones rich in fish.
在他們搖搖欲墜的船上，這些人被遺棄了 On their ramshackle boats，these men are abandoned,
如果他們幸運的話，每月會有一次口糧送達 with rations arriving once a month，if they're lucky.
船上的人似乎毫無價值可言 Men in boats that seem to have no value for anyone.
在毛里塔尼亞 ln Mauritania,
努瓦迪布港已經成為非法漁船的墓地 the port of Nouadhibou has become a graveyard of pirate fishing ships.
數百艘船隻在這一海岸附近被扣押，被遺棄的沉船 Hundreds of boats seized off this coast，abandoned wrecks,
很可能已經被其他船隻取代 probably already replaced by other ships.
非法船隻聚集在監管最弱的地區 The pirate boats gather in the least watched zones,
比如非洲地區 like the African sector.
在海上 Out at sea,
非法船隻將他們的貨物轉移到合法船隻上 the illegal ships transfer their cargo onto authorised ships
以便能夠在國際市場上合法出售他們的漁獲物 to be able to sell their catch legally on the international markets.
一些人估計，這種非法捕撈的漁獲量為2,600萬噸 Some estimates rank this illegal fishing at 26 million tons of catch,
佔全球總量的四分之一 a quarter of the global total.
利潤主宰著海洋 Profit rules the seas.
在海洋中，90%的捕食者的生物量已經消失 ln the sea，90% of the biomass of the predators has disappeared.
其中最後一種大西洋藍鰭金槍魚 One of the last of them，the Atlantic bluefin tuna,
正瀕臨滅絕 is on the verge of extinction.
然而，它是在地中海合法捕撈的 Nevertheless，it is fished legally in the Mediterranean,
這是僅剩的幾片藍鰭金槍魚繁殖海域之一 one of the last refuges of this species，which comes here to reproduce.
人們用巨大的鋼筆狀漁網捕捉金槍魚 The tuna are captured in a very large net which shuts like a pen.
捕獲的金槍魚被被活生生地拖回來，然後在被屠宰前在養殖場養肥 The catch is towed back alive，then fattened up in a farm
然後在國際市場上出售 before slaughter，then sold on international markets.
金槍魚是一種奢侈品 These fish are a luxury resource.
一尾最優質的金槍魚可達300公斤重 A top quality tuna can weigh 300 kilos
售價超過50萬歐元 and be sold for over 500,000 euros.
腐敗和謊言無處不在 Corruption and lies are everywhere.
金槍魚捕撈船隊受益於歐洲數百萬歐元的補貼 The tuna fishing fleets benefit from millions of euros of European subsidies.
我們不遵守捕撈限额 We respect no quotas,
我們根本沒有採取任何預防措施來保護物種 we don't take any precautions at all for the preservation of the species.
按照這種速度，金槍魚將在幾年內滅絕 At this rate，the tuna will be extinct within a few years.
我們耗盡了這一共同利益 We deplete this common good
因為它不屬於任何人而且它帶來了大量的金錢 because it belongs to no one and it brings in a lot of money.
而明天，我們還剩下什麼呢？ And tomorrow，what will we have left?
今天，已有400個海洋區域被宣佈死亡 Today，there are 400 marine areas which have been declared dead,
資源枯竭，或者甚至無法維持生命 empty of resources，or even incapable of sustaining life.
其他物種正在大量繁殖 Other species are proliferating.
水母在地球上已經存在了近10億年 Jellyfish have existed on Earth for almost a billion years.
它們在所有已知的滅絕類型中都倖存了下來 They have survived all known types of extinction.
紅金槍魚是它們的捕食者之一 Red tuna were one of their predators.
金槍魚的消失打破了這千年之久的平衡 The disappearance of the tuna destabilises a millennial balance.
在整個海洋中，科學家和漁民正在注意到 All over the ocean，scientists and fishermen are noticing
越來越多的水母 more and more jellyfish.
整個海洋滿是膠質體生物 The ocean is becoming a mass of gelatine,
這種不平衡就是一個等待我們的陷阱 and this imbalance is a trap waiting for us.
遠離陸地，遠離我居住的地方 Far from the land，far from where l live,
海洋向我們隱瞞了另一個事實 the ocean is hiding from us another fact.
洋流正在驅散我們的化學物質擴散 The currents are dispersing our chemistry,
我們的工業生產產生的汙染物遍佈全球 the pollutants of our industrial creation across the whole globe.
平均每平方公里有超過4.6萬件塑料 More than 46,000 pieces of plastic per square kilometre on average
在所有海洋中 across all seas.
即使我住在數千公里之外的地方 What is killing these birds comes from my home,
我們排放的廢物還是殺死了這裡的鳥 even though l live thousands of kilometres from here.
我們每年向大海傾倒60億公斤塑料垃圾 We tip six billion kilos of plastic waste per year into the sea.
塑料，它不會分解，但會產生微小的碎片 Plastic，which doesn't decompose，but which micro-fragments.
鳥吃了塑料，魚也會吃到 What these birds are eating，the fish will eat,
反過來我將吃到 and in turn l will eat
當我們在海洋中鑽研，為了我們的捕魚，為了我們的漁民 as we delve into the ocean for our fishing，for our fisheries.
汙染海洋到這一點就意味著毒害我們自己 Polluting the ocean to this point means poisoning ourselves.
海洋如此遼闊以至於我們開始相信它有無限的資源 The ocean is so vast that we came to believe it had infinite resources.
然而我們錯了 We were wrong.
事實上，海洋星球的恢復能力有限 The ocean planet in reality has only a limited capacity for renewal,
我們必須學會管理 which we have to learn to manage.
這就是為什麼，從創世之初開始 That's why，since the dawn of time,
地球上的萬物都遵循自身規律和限度 everything that lives on Earth respects rhythms and limits.
這就是著名的自然平衡定律的起源 That's the origin of the famous law of natural equilibrium.
對我來說，我想繼續留在地球上 For myself，l want to stay on the Earth.
我希望明天仍然有容身之處 l want to have a place tomorrow on our living planet.
很長一段時間，我一直看著這些魚 For a long time，l watched these fish.
我想我有點像他們 l think l am a little like them.
我在共識中進化，在群體中進化 l evolve through consensus，in a group.
即使我知道正在發生的事 Even if l understand what's happening to us,
但我就是無法極端地去阻止一切發生 l can't just choose to radically change the way things are going.
但也許我們共同的危機意識能觸發連鎖反應 But maybe our shared awareness will trigger a chain reaction
並拯救我們人類 and save our species.
我希望我們能够及時做出反應 l want to believe that we can react in time.
20年前，在里約 Twenty years ago，in Rio,
人們聚集在一起參加一個關於地球未來的重要會議 people came together for a major conference on the future of the Earth.
那是在1992年 That was in 1992.
在那一年 ln that year,
我們的政治精英投票通過了2,500個 our political elites voted for 2,500 recommendations
保護地球的建議 for protecting the planet.
我相信這是一個新時代的象徵開始 l believed that was the symbolic beginning of a new era.
但這只是一條漫長道路的開始 But it was only the beginning of a long road.
從那時起，又發生了什麼呢? Since then，what has happened?
雖然有數次會議，數次地球峰會 There have been other conferences，other Earth summits,
但成果甚微 with very little result.
决定可能引發的不滿 The risk of unpopular decision,
競爭、腐敗、被動的風險阻止了任何行動 competition，corruption，passivity，have prevented any action.
但我們，人類 But we，humanity,
在過去的20年裡，我們人類取得了巨大的躍進 have made an enormous leap forward in the last 20 years.
我們的意識已經進化了 Our awareness has evolved.
我們擔心環境問題 We are worried about the issue of the environment.
但這還不够 But that's not yet enough.
時間正在追趕我們 Time is catching up with us.
以這樣的速度，我們正在走向災難 At this rate，we are headed for catastrophe.
令人震驚的是，我們沒有看到正在發生的事情 What's striking is that we don't see what's happening.
即使在這座面朝大海的城市的中心 Even at the heart of this city facing the ocean,
令人厭惡的汙染也意味著我們無法下海 the disgusting pollution means we cannot go into the sea.
我們只能在世界上最美的海灣裡建造游泳池游泳 We had to build a pool to swim in the most beautiful bay in the world,
這個海灣已經對我們的健康構成了威脅 the bay which has become dangerous to our health.
在里約，就像世界上任何地方一樣 ln Rio，like everywhere in the world,
我們建造了一座象徵永恆的巨像 we built a colossus，a symbol of eternity,
好像是為了保護我們自己 as if to protect ourselves.
他凝視著大海，但他能為我們做些什麼呢？ He contemplates the ocean，but what can he do for us?
沒有宗教，沒有信仰可以拯救我們 No religion，no belief will save us.
現在不是相信天堂的承諾的時候 lt's not a time for believing in the promises of heaven.
只有我們的智慧使我們能夠預見和準備我們的未來 Only our intelligence enables us to foresee and prepare our future.
我們仍然可以改變方向 We can still change direction.
我們仍有時間想像一種人文主義和負責任的地球管理方式 There's still time to imagine a humanist and responsible stewardship of the planet.
以此延續我們的海洋行星 To remain on our ocean planet.
以下是解決方案
遵守捕撈配额規定
停止對工業捕魚的補貼
永久停止深海捕撈
促進小規模捕撈
只買帶生態標籤的魚
鼓勵責任捕魚制
控制污染
限制深海開採
維護南極條約
訂立北極條約
80%的海洋生物多樣性仍然未知
我們必須投資於研究
保護我們的海洋遺傳遺產
保護整個生態系統
讓海洋生物得以恢復
2012年受保護的海域僅占全海域的1％
我們希望在2020年達到20％
是時候想像一下國際上對海洋的管理了
讓我們現在就行動起來!